Telogen effluvium, a condition of noninflammatory, diffuse hair loss, is often difficult to distinguish from female pattern hair loss. Nail involvement (eg, pitting, trachyonychia, and longitudinal ridging) and patchy hair loss in nonscalp regions (eg, the eyebrows) are inconsistent with the diagnosis of male or female pattern hair loss. Seborrheic dermatitis is often associated with seborrhea (oily scalp) which is a result of androgen stimulation of the sebaceous glands. Nevertheless, seborrheic dermatitis is more prevalent in people with pattern hair loss, 12 so male and female pattern hair loss can present with another scalp condition. Inflammation, scarring, or scaling of the scalp suggests a different diagnosis, as pattern hair loss is usually unaccompanied by these signs. Hair miniaturization can be seen better using a sheet of paper as a backdrop and comparing the caliber of adjacent hair shafts. Hair loss can be assessed by comparing the hair part of the central scalp with that of the occipital scalp, which is generally spared. In women, the vertex and midfrontal scalp are commonly affected, as described above. Male pattern hair loss typically presents as a receding hairline and hair miniaturization on the frontal and vertex scalp. When examining the scalp, note the distribution of hair loss, the caliber of hairs, and other clinical features.
Region x hair skin#
This review focuses on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of pattern hair loss.Ī complete skin evaluation should be conducted, including the face, scalp, and nails. It is the most common form of hair loss in both men and women and has psychosocial effects, including stress and diminished quality of life. Pattern hair loss is a progressive, nonscarring form of hair loss characterized by gradual loss of terminal hair and follicular miniaturization to vellus hair fibers on the scalp in a characteristic distribution. Topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are first-line treatments for male pattern hair loss and topical minoxidil is the first-line therapy for female pattern hair loss, but there are a number of other off-label pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. A hair biopsy may be of value for clinically challenging cases. Pattern hair loss is commonly diagnosed with a thorough history physical examination of the face, scalp, and nails the hair-pull test dermoscopy and laboratory testing. The process can begin soon after puberty, and the resulting hair loss negatively affects quality of life and self-image. Male and female pattern hair loss is a nonscarring, progressive form of alopecia that typically affects the temporal, frontal, and vertex scalp in men and central scalp in women.
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